Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Diabetes and Prediabetes in North and East Syria: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Background: Diabetes and prediabetes are major global health concerns associated with increased morbidity and mortality, particularly in regions affected by conflict where healthcare systems are weakened. Limited epidemiological data exist for North and East Syria, highlighting the need to assess the burden of glycemic disorders and their determinants. Objective: To determine the prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes among adults living in North and East Syria and to identify the clinical risk factors associated with impaired glycemic status. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in North and East Syria. A total of 167 adults were recruited. Data were collected through structured questionnaires, anthropometric measurements, blood pressure assessment, and laboratory investigations. Results: The study demonstrated a considerable prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes, with significant associations between impaired fasting blood glucose and older age, higher body mass index (BMI), increased waist circumference, physical inactivity, smoking, and unhealthy diet. Personal and family histories of hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease were strongly associated with elevated cardiometabolic risk. Mean arterial pressure, triglycerides, and cholesterol levels showed significant correlations with abnormal glycemic patterns, indicating clustering of metabolic risk factors. Conclusion: Diabetes and prediabetes are highly prevalent among adults in North and East Syria, influenced by multiple demographic, lifestyle, and clinical determinants. These findings provide essential baseline data for developing targeted screening programs, preventive strategies, and public health interventions to reduce the growing burden of diabetes in conflict-affected Syrian communities.