Prevalence and Etiology of Abnormal Physical Growth among Syrian Children Living in North and East Syria: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Childhood growth abnormalities are a significant public health concern, particularly in conflict-affected regions. This study aims to assess the prevalence and etiological factors of abnormal physical growth among Syrian children aged 0-5 years in North and East Syria. The findings will provide evidence-based recommendations for preventive and management strategies. A cross-sectional study design was employed, enrolling 208 children. Anthropometric assessments included measurements of height, weight, and head circumference. Additionally, caregiver questionnaires captured socio-economic status, healthcare access, and dietary habits, while healthcare records provided data on medical history. Growth abnormalities were identified using standard growth charts, and statistical analysis determined prevalence rates and associated risk factors. The study revealed that 39.9% of children were categorized as short, 26% were underweight, 20.2% were overweight, and 12% were obese. Additionally, 11.1% had microcephaly, while 30% had macrocephaly. Socioeconomic factors played a critical role, with underweight children predominantly residing in urban areas (87%). Complications during pregnancy (35.6%) and low breastfeeding rates (35.1%) were significant determinants of poor growth outcomes. Despite the high burden of chronic illnesses (50.2%), no significant association was found with growth abnormalities. Gender differences were minimal, except for a borderline significant association between male children and macrocephaly. Growth monitoring was notably low (17.8%), though it showed a positive impact on weight outcomes among underweight children. Growth abnormalities are prevalent among Syrian children in North and East Syria, with significant associations with prenatal and early-life factors. Public health interventions should focus on improving maternal healthcare, promoting breastfeeding, and enhancing growth monitoring programs. Further research is needed to explore long-term developmental outcomes and evaluate the effectiveness of targeted interventions. Strengthening healthcare infrastructure and community support is crucial to modifying childhood growth disorders in conflict-affected settings.